System design defines aspects of a system to satisfy specific requirements.

• A. Defines aspects of a system to satisfy specific requirements
• B. Is the first phase of the system life cycle
• C. Involves only the current-state process
• D. Is not necessarily in keeping with the mission of the organization.

Answer: (A)

System design translates requirements into a blueprint for building the system. It specifies the structure and behavior of the system—components, data flows, interfaces, hardware and software choices, security, performance, and constraints—so the final product can meet those requirements within the given environment. This direct link between what is needed and how it will be built is what makes this description the best match. The first phase of the lifecycle is typically requirements gathering and analysis, not design, so design isn’t the initial step. Design also looks to the target state and how processes will operate in the new system, not just the current-state processes. And a responsible design aligns with the organization’s mission and goals, rather than being detached from them. Therefore, defining aspects of a system to satisfy specific requirements captures the essence of system design.