In the information hierarchy, what is the step after information?

• A. Data
• B. Compliance
• C. Knowledge
• D. Information

Answer: (C)

Understanding how data evolves into knowledge through the information hierarchy helps clinicians turn raw facts into actionable insight. Data are raw numbers or observations lacking context. When you add context, interpretation, and relevance, data become information. The next step—knowledge—occurs when information is analyzed, integrated with experience, and understood well enough to inform decisions and actions. Knowledge allows you to apply evidence and clinical judgment to patient care, quality improvement, or policy. Compliance reflects rules and standards and is not part of this cognitive progression, and simply repeating information would not advance you to the next stage.